FINE DUST AS A DISEASE AGENT

Nowadays individuals spend more than 90% in closed rooms, more than 65% only at home. More than 70% of the population works in

offices. The protection of everybodys health becomes more and more important. 

PM or atmospheric particulate matter (particulate pollution) is a complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets.

Particle pollution is made up of a number of components, including acids (such as nitrates and sufates), organic chemicals, metals and

soil or dust particles associated with the Earth's atmosphere. 

The size of particles is directly linked to their potential of causing health problems. EPA (United States Environmental Protection

Agency)  is concerned about particles that are 10 micrometers in diameter or smaller because those are the particles that generally

pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious

health effects. EPA groups particle pollution into two categories:

- inhalable coarse particles such as those found near roadways and dusty industries, are larger than 2,5 micrometers and smaller

  than 10 micrometers in diameter

- "fine particles", such as those found in smoke and haze, are 2,5 micrometers in diameter and smaller. These particles can be directly  

   emitted from sources such as forest fires, or they can form when gases emitted from power plants, industries and automobiles react in

   the air. 

Fine dust (PM 10) gets to bronchail tubes and bronchioles and can be even transported to the pulmonary alveoli (PM 2,5).

Increased levels of fine particles in the air as a result of anthropogenic particulate air pollution is consistently and independently

related to the most serious effects, including lung cancer and other cardiopulmonary mortality.

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